Friday, April 21, 2017

Importance of “BIOINFORMATICS” for Future developments in Biology

Importance of “BIOINFORMATICS”
Importance of “BIOINFORMATICS”

Here, Find Some important points on "What is the importance of Bioinformatics in Today Time" to know Bioinformatics in Better ways.

=> The greatest challenge facing the molecular biology community today is to make sense of the wealth of data that  has been produced  by the genome sequencing projects.

=> Cells  have a central core  called nucleus, which is  storehouse of an  important molecule known as DNA. They are  packaged in units known as chromosomes. They  are together known as the genome.

=>  Genes are specific regions  of the genomes (about  1%)   spread  throughout  the  genome sometimes   contiguous,  many  times  non-contiguous.

=> RNAs similarly  contains informations, their  major purpose is  to copy information from
    DNA selectively  and to  bring  it out  of the  nucleus for  its use.

=> Proteins are  made  of amino  acids, which are twenty  in count (researchers are debating  on              increasing this count,  as couple of new  ones are claimed to be identified).

=> The gene regions of the DNA in the nucleus of the cell  is copied (transcribed) into the RNA          and RNA travels to  protein production sites  and is  translated into proteins  is the "Central                Dogma of  Molecular Biology".

=> Portions  of DNA  Sequence are  transcribed into RNA.  The first  step of  a cell  is to copy  a

     particular portion of its DNA nucleotide sequence (i.e. gene) which is shown in Figure Below.


Central Dogma of Biology

=> Bioinformatics,   being    an   interface   between    modern   biology   and    informatics   it              involves discovery,  development  and  implementation of  computational  algorithms  and                  software tools  that facilitate  an  understanding  of  the  biological processes  (See in Figure              Below)  with  the  goal  to  serve primarily agriculture  and   healthcare  sectors   with  several            spinoffs.

=> In   a  developing   country  like   India, bioinformatics has  a key  role to  play in  areas like              agriculture where  it  can be  used for  increasing the nutritional  content, increasing  the  volume of  the  agricultural  produce  and  implanting  disease resistance  etc.

=> In  the pharmaceutical sector,  it can be  used to reduce  the time and  cost involved in drug              discovery  process particularly for third  world diseases, to  custom design drugs  and to develop
     personalized medicine.
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Information on Sequence Data


Fig  "Information on Sequence Data"


=> Traditionally,  molecular  biology research  was  carried  out entirely  at  the  experimental                  laboratory bench but the  huge increase in the  scale of data being produced  in this genomic era          has seen a need to  incorporate computers  into  this  research  process. Sequence  generation,  its       subsequent storage, interpretation and analysis are entirely computer dependent tasks.


=> However, the molecular biology of an organism  is  a very  complex  issue with  research being          carried out  at molecular  level.


=> The  first challenge facing  the bioinformatics  community today  is the intelligent  and efficient        storage of  this massive data.

=> Moreover, it is  essential to provide easy and reliable access to  this data. The data itself
     is meaningless before analysis and  it is impossible for even a trained  biologist to begin to                interpret it manually. 

=>  Therefore,   automated  computer   tools   must  be   developed   to  allow   the   extraction
     of meaningful   biological   information.  

=>  There are three  central biological  processes around which bioinformatics tools must be                     developed:

    DNA sequence which determines protein sequence
    Protein sequence which determines protein structure

=> Protein structure which determines protein function


Bioinformatics Processes


Gene Of Interest

    Fig."Hypothesis-generating bioinformatics"

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