Introduction to BIOINFORMATICS:
Bioinformatics is
the field of
science in which
biology,
computer science, and information technology merge to form a single discipline. |
=> It is the emerging field that deals
with the application
of computers to the collection, organization, analysis, manipulation, presentation, and sharing of biologic
data to solve biological problems on the
molecular level.
=> According to Frank Tekaia,
bioinformatics is the
mathematical, statistical and computing methods that aim to solve biological problems using DNA and amino acid sequences and related information.
=> The term bioinformatics was
coined by Paulien
Hogeweg in 1979 for the study of informatic processes in biotic systems. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI, 2001) defines bioinformatics as:
"Bioinformatics is
the field of science in
which biology,
computer science, and information technology merge into a single discipline. There are three important sub-disciplines within bioinformatics: the development of new algorithms and statistics with which to assess relationships among members of large data sets; the analysis and interpretation of various types of data including nucleotide and amino acid sequences, protein domains, and protein structures; and the development and implementation implementation of tools that enable efficient access and management of different types of information.”
=> Bioinformatics is a
scientific discipline that has
emerged in response to accelerating demand for a flexible and intelligent means of storing, managing
and querying large and
complex biological data sets.
=> The ultimate aim of bioinformatics is to enable the
discovery of new biological insights as well as to create a global perspective from which unifying principles
in biology can
be discerned.
=> Over the past few
decades rapid developments in
genomic and other molecular research technologies and developments in information technologies have
combined to produce a tremendous
amount of
information related to molecular
biology.
=> At the beginning of
the genomic revolution,
the main concern of bioinformatics was the creation and maintenance of a database to store
biological information such as nucleotide
and amino
acid sequences.
=> Development of this type
of database involved not
only design issues but the development of an interface whereby researchers could both access existing
data as
well as submit
new or revised
data
(e.g. to the NCBI, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). More recently, emphasis has shifted towards the
analysis of
large data sets, particularly those
stored
in different formats in different databases.
=> Ultimately, all of this information must
be combined
to form a comprehensive picture of normal cellular activities so that researchers may study how these activities
are altered in different disease states.
interpretation of
various types of
data, including nucleotide
and amino acid sequences, protein domains, and protein structures. |
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