Origin & History of Bioinformatics

Origin & History of Bioinformatics 

Here, Find Some important points on "Origin & History of Bioinformatics" to know Bioinformatics in Better ways.

=> Over a century ago, bioinformatics history started  with an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel.

=> He is  known as  the ―Father  of  Genetics".

=> He  cross-fertilized different  colors  of  the same  species  of flowers.

=> He  kept careful records  of the  colors of flowers  that he 
cross-fertilized  and the  color(s) of flowers they  produced.   

=> Mendel  illustrated   that  the  inheritance   of  traits   could   be  more   easily explained if it was controlled by factors passed  down from generation to generation.  => After this  discovery of  Mendel, bioinformatics  and genetic  record keeping have  come a  long way. => The  understanding of  genetics   has advanced  remarkably   in   the  last   thirty  years. In  1972,  Paul Berg  made the  first  recombinant  DNA  molecule  using ligase.   => In  that  same  year,  Stanley  Cohen, Annie  Chang  and  Herbert  Boyer produced  the first  recombinant   DNA  organism.   => In  1973, two important  things  happened in the field of  genomics: 1.  Joseph Sambrook led a team that refined DNA electrophoresis  using agarose   gel, and 2.  Herbert Boyer  and Stanely Cohen invented DNA cloning.  By 1977,  a method    for  sequencing DNA was discovered and  the first genetic engineering company,   Genetech was founded.   => During  1981,   579  human  genes  had  been   mapped  and   mapping  by  in  situ  hybridization   had become a  standard  method. Marvin Carruthers  and Leory Hood made  a huge leap  in  bioinformatics when  they invented   a  method  for    automated DNA   sequencing.   => In  1988,   the  Human Genome Organization (HUGO)  was   founded. This  is an  international organization  of scientists   involved in Human Genome  Project.   In   1989,   the    first    complete   genome   map   was   published   of   the          bacteria  Haemophilus influenza. => The following year,  the Human  Genome Project was  started.  In 1991,  a total  of  1879 human genes had  been  mapped.    => In  1993,   Genethon,  a  human   genome  research  center    in  France   produced roduced  a  physical  map of  the   human  genome.   => Three  years  later,  Genethon  published the  final version   of  the  Human Genetic  Map  which  concluded  the end  of   the  first  phase  of  the  Human Genome Project. => Bioinformatics was  fuelled by the  need to create  huge  databases, such  as GenBank and  EMBL and DNA  Database of  Japan to  store  and compare  the  DNA sequence  data   erupting from  the  human genome  and other  genome   sequencing projects.  => Today,  bioinformatics embraces  protein  structure analysis,  gene  and protein functional information,  data from patients,  pre-clinical and clinical  trials, and the metabolic pathways of  numerous species.

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