This is Online Notes on Chapter = 5 ( THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE) Part 1 for
preparation of CBSE BOARD Examination, NTSE etc.
Study Key Points :
Discovery of Cell, Types of Cell & Organism, Unicellular & Multicellular,Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic, Plant Cell & Animal Cell, Cell Shape, Cell Size, Cell Membrane, Cell wall, Diffusion & Osmosis, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Plastid, Vacuoles, Lysosomes.
All living forms are composed of microscopic units called as ‘Cells’.
• A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all life forms.
• Study of structure and composition of cell is called as ‘Cytology’.
• Cell was first observed by Robert Hooke in a dead cork slice in the year 1665.
• First living cell was discovered by A. V. Leeuwenhoek.
• Its consistency differs under different condition. It exists in sol gel states.
• Protoplasm is an aggregate of various chemicals such as water, ions, salts and other organic molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids, vitamins etc.
Cell Theory :
Two biologists, Schleiden and Schwann gave the Cell theory which states that :
(i) All plants and animals are composed of cells.
(ii) Cell is the basic unit of life.
(iii) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
• Viruses are the exceptions of cell theory.
Types of Cell & Organism :
On the Basis of Type of Organization:
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